Câu điều kiện (Conditional sentences)
I. Present probable conditions (điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại)
| If clause (Mệnh đề if) | Main clause (mệnh đề chính) |
| Simple present |
shall/will can + Verb (without To) may |
Ví dụ:
- If you do your best, you can pass the test.
- If you do not hurry, you may miss the train.
- You will fail in your examination if you do not work hard.
II. Present unreal conditions (điều kiện không có thật hoặc không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại)
| If clause (Mệnh đề if) | Main clause (Mệnh đề chính) |
|
- Simple past - Nếu là BE: dùng WERE cho tất cả các ngôi |
should / would could + Verb (without TO) might |
Ví dụ:
- If I were she, I should marry him.
- If I had money, I shoud give it to him.
III. Past unreal conditions (điều kiện không có thật hoặc không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ)
| If clause (mệnh đề if) | Main clause (mệnh đề chính) |
| Had + past participle |
should / would could + have + past participle might |
Ví dụ:
- If I had had money, I should have given it to him yesterday.
- If he had known that I was ill, he would have come to see me yesterday.
- If you had left earlier, you would have caught the train.
Lưu ý:
+ "HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE" ở mệnh đề phụ có thể thay bằng "COULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE".
Ví dụ:
- If I had come, she would have been very happy.
-> If I could have come, she would have been very happy.
+ Có thể dùng đảo ngữ trong PRESENT UNREAL CONDITIONS và PAST UNREAL CONDITIONS.
Ví dụ:
- If I were a doctor...
-> Were I a doctor...
- If she were to go home...
-> Were she to go home...
-> Should she go home...
- If she had money...
-> Did she have money...
- If I had known him...
-> Had I known him...
| UNLESS = IF NOT |
- Uncless there is enough rain, rice won't grow.
-> If there isn't enough rain, rice won't grow.